Visual Cognitive Assessment Test: Utility of the brief cognitive battery for early screening of cognitive impairment in Chongqing, China.

OBJECTIVES: Early detection of cognitive impairment is essential for timely intervention. Currently, most widely used cognitive screening tests are influenced by language and cultural differences; therefore, there is a need for the development of a language-neutral, visual-based cognitive assessment tool. The Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT), a 30-point test that assesses memory, executive function, visuospatial function, attention, and language, has demonstrated its utility in a multilingual population. In this study, we evaluated the reliability, validity, and diagnostic performance of the VCAT for screening early cognitive impairment in Chongqing, China METHODS: A total of 134 individuals (49 healthy controls (HCs), 52 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 33 with mild dementia) completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), VCAT, and domain-specific neuropsychological assessments. The diagnostic performances of MMSE, MoCA, and VCAT were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Construct validity of the VCAT was assessed with well-established domain-specific cognitive assessments. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The VCAT and its subdomains demonstrated both good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.577). The performance of VCAT was comparable to that of MoCA and MMSE in differentiating mild dementia from nondemented groups (AUC: 0.940 vs. 0.902 and 0.977, respectively; p = .098 and .053) and in distinguishing cognitive impairment (CI) from HC (AUC: 0.929 vs. 0.899 and 0.891, respectively; p = .239 and .161), adjusted for education level. The optimal score range for VCAT in determining dementia, MCI, and HC was 0-14, 15-19, and 20-30, respectively. CONCLUSION: The VCAT proves to be a reliable screening test for early cognitive impairment within our cohort. Being both language and cultural neutral, the VCAT has the potential to be utilized among a wider population within China.

κ­carrageenan­derived pentasaccharide attenuates Aß25­35­induced apoptosis in SH­SY5Y cells via suppression of the JNK signaling pathway.

ß-amyloid (Aß)-mediated neuronal apoptosis is an important pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibiting apoptosis induced by Aß may lead to the development of a potential therapeutic target for AD treatment. κ­carrageenan­derived pentasaccharide (KCP) extracted from marine red algae is involved in a variety of biological activities and may be an effective in the treatment of AD. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of KCP against Aß25­35­induced neurotoxicity in SH­SY5Y cells, and to examine the potential underlying mechanisms. The results of the present study revealed that pretreatment with KCP significantly attenuated Aß25­35­induced loss of cell viability and apoptosis, as evaluated by MTT assays and annexin V/propidium iodide staining, respectively, in a dose­dependent manner. Furthermore, KCP downregulated the protein expression levels of Aß25­35­induced cleavage caspase 3 by inhibiting the overactivation of the JNK signaling pathway. The results of the present study indicated that KCP attenuated Aß25­35­induced neuroblastoma cell cytotoxicity, suggesting that KCP may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.